학제간연구 | Interdisciplinary Studies in Gambling | 跨学科研究
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- Article] Detection, pharmacokinetics and cardiac effects following administration of clenbuterol to exercised horses
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DocNo of ILP: 38
Doc. Type: Article
Title: Detection, pharmacokinetics and cardiac effects following administration of clenbuterol to exercised horses
Authors: Knych, HK; Mitchell, MM; Steinmetz, SJ; McKemie, DS
Full Name of Authors: Knych, H. K.; Mitchell, M. M.; Steinmetz, S. J.; McKemie, D. S.
Keywords by Author: beta-2 agonist; horseracing; clenbuterol; pharmacokinetics; horse
Keywords Plus: REPARTITIONING AGENT; MUSCLE GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; TISSUE; PLASMA; URINE
Abstract: Reasons for performing study The use of clenbuterol in performance horses necessitates the establishment of appropriate withdrawal times. Objectives To describe plasma and urine concentrations of clenbuterol following administration of 2 commonly used dosing regimens to racing fit Thoroughbreds. Study design Experimental. Methods Twenty-two horses received an oral dose of 0.8 mu g/kg bwt of clenbuterol twice daily for 30 days. A second group of 6 horses received clenbuterol according to the escalating dose protocol on the manufacturer's label. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to, throughout and at various times up to 35 days post administration of the final dose. Drug concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and plasma data were analysed using noncompartmental analysis. Behavioural and physiological effects were monitored and heart rate was recorded throughout the course of the study. Results Clenbuterol plasma concentrations were below the limit of quantification (10 pg/ml) of the assay by Day 4 in all horses receiving the chronic low-dose regimen and by Day 7 in 5 of 6 horses receiving the escalating dosing protocol. Urine clenbuterol concentrations fell below the limit of quantification of the assay between Days 21 and 28 in all 22 horses in the low-dose group and in 5 of 6 of the horses in the escalating dose group. Muscle fasciculations, sweating and transient increases in heart rate were noted in a small number of horses following clenbuterol administration, but tolerance to these effects occurred rapidly. Conclusions and potential relevance Establishment of appropriate withdrawal times for specific racing jurisdictions depends upon the threshold adopted by that specific jurisdiction. This study extends previous studies describing the pharmacokinetics of clenbuterol and describes plasma and urine concentrations following administration of 2 commonly used dosing regimens to racing fit Thoroughbreds, which will allow jurisdictions to establish withdrawal times in order to prevent inadvertent positive regulatory findings.
Cate of OECD: Veterinary science
Year of Publication: 2014
Business Area: other
Detail Business: medicine & science
Country: USA
Study Area:
Name of Journal: EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
Language: English
Country of Authors: [Knych, H. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Knych, H. K.; Mitchell, M. M.; Steinmetz, S. J.; McKemie, D. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, KL Maddy Equine Analyt Chem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA
Press Adress: Knych, HK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Email Address: hkknych@ucdavis.edu
Citaion:
Funding: Boehringher Ingelheim Vetmedica, St Louis, Missouri, USA
Lists of Citation: Chuang MS, 2010, IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT, V32, P171, DOI 10.3109/08923970903179688; Cohen Noah D, 2002, Vet Ther, V3, P316; DALRYMPLE RH, 1984, POULTRY SCI, V63, P2376; ERICHSEN DF, 1994, EQUINE VET J, V26, P331; Gabrielsson J., 2006, PHARMACOKINETIC PHAR, P70; Guan FY, 2002, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V16, P1642, DOI 10.1002/rcm.748; Harkins JD, 2001, J VET PHARMACOL THER, V24, P7, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2001.00300.x; KALLINGS P, 1991, J VET PHARMACOL THER, V14, P243, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1991.tb00833.x; Kearns CF, 2001, J APPL PHYSIOL, V91, P2064; Kearns CF, 2002, MED SCI SPORT EXER, V34, P1976, DOI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000038973.96796.1E; Kleemann R, 1999, EQUINE VET J, V31, P339; Lehner AF, 2001, J ANAL TOXICOL, V25, P280; REEDS PJ, 1988, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C, V89, P337, DOI 10.1016/0742-8413(88)90234-4; REEDS PJ, 1986, BRIT J NUTR, V56, P249, DOI 10.1079/BJN19860104; RICKS CA, 1984, J ANIM SCI, V59, P1247; SHAPLAND J E, 1981, Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, V4, P43, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00709.x; Sleeper MM, 2002, MED SCI SPORT EXER, V34, P643, DOI 10.1097/00005768-200204000-00013; Soma LR, 2004, J VET PHARMACOL THER, V27, P91, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00558.x; Soma LR, 2004, J VET PHARMACOL THER, V27, P71, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00553.x; Spurlock DM, 2006, BMC GENOMICS, V7, DOI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-320; Stanley S. D., 2012, P AM ASS EQUINE PRAC, V58, P573; Thompson JA, 2012, AM J VET RES, V73, P875, DOI 10.2460/ajvr.73.6.875; Torneke K, 1998, J VET PHARMACOL THER, V21, P388; US Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, 2001, GUID IND BIOAN METH
Number of Citaion: 24
Publication: WILEY-BLACKWELL
City of Publication: HOBOKEN
Address of Publication: 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
ISSN: 0425-1644
29-Character Source Abbreviation: EQUINE VET J
ISO Source Abbreviation: Equine Vet. J.
Volume: 46
Version: 3
Start of File: 380
End of File: 385
DOI: 10.1111/evj.12118
Number of Pages: 6
Web of Science Category: Veterinary Sciences
Subject Category: Veterinary Sciences
Document Delivery Number: AE6QQ
Unique Article Identifier: WOS:000334119000023
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