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- Editorial Material] Gamble and Darrow: pathfinders in body fluid physiology and fluid therapy for children, 1914-1964
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DocNo of ILP: 6636
Doc. Type: Editorial Material
Title: Gamble and Darrow: pathfinders in body fluid physiology and fluid therapy for children, 1914-1964
Authors: Holliday, MA
Full Name of Authors: Holliday, MA
Keywords by Author: history; fluid therapy; body fluid physiology; extracellular fluid; potassium; James Gamble; Daniel Darrow
Keywords Plus:
Abstract: The development of body fluid physiology and fluid therapy in pediatrics has special importance in the history of medicine because this development introduced physiology into clinical practice. James Gamble and Dan Darrow were leaders in this enterprise. Gamble was part of the group John Howland attracted to Johns Hopkins to establish the first organized program for clinical investigators in pediatrics. This group initiated fluid therapy as effective treatment for diarrheal dehydration and, led by Gamble, developed the discipline of body fluid physiology. Gamble was the first to describe the nature of extracellular fluid (ECF) to clinicians, using the new terminology for characterizing electrolytes in solution. In doing so, he became the teacher of body fluid physiology to a generation of medical students. Inexplicably, in his later years he failed to adopt yet newer terminology defining cations, anions, and acid-base status. This failure compromised his legacy. Dan Darrow extended our understanding of how body fluids react to hyper- and hyponatremia and to potassium deficiency. He was the first to add potassium to parenteral fluid therapy. In doing so, he broadened clinicians' understanding of body fluids but changed the emphasis of fluid therapy from rapid ECF restoration to replacement of estimated deficits. Unfortunately, this change in concept, taught by his successors as deficit therapy, slowed the adoption of oral rehydration therapy for treating diarrheal dehydration. The lapses noted for each of these men, now seen in hindsight, pale in comparison to their contributions. Pediatrics, medicine, and surgery are all indebted to the research of each, which emphasized the value of basic physiology in clinical practice.
Cate of OECD: Clinical medicine
Year of Publication: 2000
Business Area: gamble
Detail Business: gamble
Country: USA
Study Area:
Name of Journal: PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
Language: English
Country of Authors: Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Inverness, CA 94937 USA
Press Adress: Holliday, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Box 648, Inverness, CA 94937 USA.
Email Address:
Citaion:
Funding:
Lists of Citation: Blackfan KD, 1918, AM J DIS CHILD, V15, P19; BUTLER AM, 1955, AMA AM J DIS CHILD, V90, P483; Butler AM, 1933, J PEDIATR, V3, P84, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(33)80181-8; CAHILL GF, 1966, J CLIN INVEST, V45, P1751, DOI 10.1172/JCI105481; Cannon W. B., 1932, WISDOM BODY; DAROW DC, 1938, J PEDIATR, V13, P670; DARROW DC, 1946, J PEDIATR, V28, P515, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(46)80213-0; Darrow DC, 1935, J CLIN INVEST, V14, P266, DOI 10.1172/JCI100674; DARROW DC, 1948, J CLIN INVEST, V27, P798; Darrow DC, 1942, J CLIN INVEST, V21, P601, DOI 10.1172/JCI101338; DARROW DC, 1949, PEDIATRICS, V1, P129; DARROW DC, 1946, J CLIN INVEST, V25, P324, DOI 10.1172/JCI101712; DARROW DC, 1957, AMA J DIS CHILD, V94, P359; DARROW DC, 1960, PEDIATRICS, V26, P907; DARROW DC, 1948, B NEW YORK ACAD MED, V24, P147; Dawkins R., 1986, BLIND WATCHMAKER; Gamble J. L., 1942, CHEM ANATOMY PHYSL P; Gamble JL, 1925, J CLIN INVEST, V1, P403, DOI 10.1172/JCI100021; GAMBLE JL, 1938, B J HOPKINS HOSP, V61, P151; Gamble JL, 1923, J BIOL CHEM, V57, P633; GAMBLE JL, 1951, LANE MED LECT; Gamble JL, 1934, AM J PHYSIOL, V109, P139; Gamble JL, 1946, HARVEY LECT, V42, P247; GAMBLE JL, 1953, PEDIATRICS, V11, P554; GAMBLE JL, 1938, B J HOPKINS HOSP, V61, P174; GAMBLE JL, 1914, J BIOL CHEM, V19, P239; HIRSCHHORN N, 1980, AM J CLIN NUTR, V33, P637; Holliday M, 1996, PEDIATRICS, V98, P171; HOLLIDAY MA, 1965, PEDIATRICS, V36, P821; HOLLIDAY MA, 1993, J PEDIATR, V122, P156, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)83511-5; HOLT LE, 1915, AM J DIS CHILD, V9, P213; Howland J, 1916, AM J DIS CHILD, V11, P309; JANEWAY CA, 1960, J PEDIATR, V56, P701, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(60)80346-0; KARELITZ S, 1931, AM J DIS CHILD, V42, P781; Marriott WM, 1920, AM J DIS CHILD, V20, P461; OWEN OE, 1967, J CLIN INVEST, V46, P1589, DOI 10.1172/JCI105650; Peters J, 1931, QUANTITATIVE CLIN CH, V1; Smith H., 1951, KIDNEY STRUCTURE FUN; Smith HW, 1953, FISH PHILOS; WALLACE WM, 1960, PEDIATRICS, V26, P899
Number of Citaion: 40
Publication: SPRINGER-VERLAG
City of Publication: NEW YORK
Address of Publication: 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
ISSN: 0931-041X
29-Character Source Abbreviation: PEDIATR NEPHROL
ISO Source Abbreviation: Pediatr. Nephrol.
Volume: 15
Version: 41702
Start of File: 317
End of File: 324
DOI:
Number of Pages: 8
Web of Science Category: Pediatrics; Urology & Nephrology
Subject Category: Pediatrics; Urology & Nephrology
Document Delivery Number: 381JJ
Unique Article Identifier: WOS:000165758800030
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