게임설계 | Cases and Studies of Game Design in Lottery & Gambling | 游戏设计
- date : 2018-12-28 21:27|hit : 2249
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- Article] Beta-adrenoreceptor blockade abolishes atomoxetine-induced risk taking
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DocNo of ILP : 12087
Document Type : Article
Document Title : Beta-adrenoreceptor blockade abolishes atomoxetine-induced risk taking
Authors : Yang, FN; Pan, JS; Li, XW
Author Full Name : Yang, Fan Nils; Pan, Jing Samantha; Li, Xinwang
Author Keywords : Risk taking; Probability discounting; Norepinephrinergic modulation; Loss; Rat
Keywords Plus? : ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DECISION-MAKING; PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLERS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; DISTINCT FORMS; GAMBLING TASK; IMPULSIVITY; ADHD; RAT; COMPONENTS
Abstract : Rationale: Clinical studies have shown that patients with exaggerated risk-taking tendencies have high baseline levels of norepinephrine. In this work, we systemically manipulated norepinephrine levels in rats and studied their behavioral changes in a probabilistic discounting task, which is a paradigm for gauging risk taking. Methods: This study aims to explore the effects of the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (atomoxetine at doses of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.8 mg/kg), and receptor selective antagonists (propranolol at a single dose of 1.0/kg, and prazosin at a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg), on risk taking using a probabilistic discounting task. In this task, there were two levers available to rats: pressing the 'small/certain' lever guaranteed a single food pellet, and pressing the large/risky' lever yielded either four pellets or none. The probability of receiving four food pellets decreased across the four experimental blocks from 100% to 12.5%. Results: Atomoxetine increased the tendency to choose the large/risky lever. It significantly reduced the lose-shift effect (i.e. pressing a different lever after losing a trial), but did not affect the win-stay effect (i.e. pressing the same lever after winning a trial). Furthermore, co-administration of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist, propranolol, eliminated the effects of atomoxetine on risk taking and the lose-shift effect; but co-administration of alphar adrenoreceptor antagonist, prazosin, did not. Conclusions: Atomoxetine boosted NE levels and increased risk taking. This was because atomoxetine decreased rats' sensitivity to losses. These effects were likely mediated by beta-adrenoreceptor. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Web of Science Categories : Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences
Year Published : 2016
Publisher : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
Publisher City : OXFORD
Language : English
Cited Reference Count : 43
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