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- Article] Chronic exposure to a gambling-like schedule of reward predictive stimuli can promote sensitization to amphetamine in rats
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DocNo of ILP: 148
Doc. Type: Article
Title: Chronic exposure to a gambling-like schedule of reward predictive stimuli can promote sensitization to amphetamine in rats
Authors: Zack, M; Featherstone, RE; Mathewson, S; Fletcher, PJ
Full Name of Authors: Zack, Martin; Featherstone, Robert E.; Mathewson, Sarah; Fletcher, Paul J.
Keywords by Author: pathological gambling; sensitization; amphetamine; dopamine; uncertainty
Keywords Plus: SUBSTANCE-USE DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL SENSITIZATION; STRAIN DIFFERENCES; DOPAMINE RELEASE; DRUG-ADDICTION; INCENTIVE-SENSITIZATION; PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLERS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; FISCHER-344 RATS; COCAINE
Abstract: Addiction is considered to be a brain disease caused by chronic exposure to drugs. Sensitization of brain dopamine (DA) systems partly mediates this effect. Pathological gambling (PG) is considered to be a behavioral addiction. Therefore, PG may be caused by chronic exposure to gambling. Identifying a gambling-induced sensitization of DA systems would support this possibility. Gambling rewards evoke DA release. One episode of slot machine play shifts the DA response from reward delivery to onset of cues (spinning reels) for reward, in line with temporal difference learning principles. Thus, conditioned stimuli (CS) play a key role in DA responses to gambling. In primates, DA response to a CS is strongest when reward probability is 50%. Under this schedule the CS elicits an expectancy of reward but provides no information about whether it will occur on a given trial. During gambling, a 50% schedule should elicit maximal DA release. This closely matches reward frequency (46%) on a commercial slot machine. DA release can contribute to sensitization, especially for amphetamine. Chronic exposure to a CS that predicts reward 50% of the time could mimic this effect. We tested this hypothesis in three studies with rats. Animals received 15 x 45-min exposures to a CS that predicted reward with a probability of 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100%. The CS was a light; the reward was a 10% sucrose solution. After training, rats received a sensitizing regimen of five separate doses (1 mg/kg) of d-amphetamine. Lastly they received a 0.5 or 1 mg/kg amphetamine challenge prior to a 90-min locomotor activity test. In all three studies the 50% group displayed greater activity than the other groups in response to both challenge doses. Effect sizes were modest but consistent, as reflected by a significant group x rank association (phi = 0.986, p = 0.025). Chronic exposure to a gambling-like schedule of reward predictive stimuli can promote sensitization to amphetamine much like exposure to amphetamine itself.
Cate of OECD: Psychology
Year of Publication: 2014
Business Area: gamble
Detail Business: gamble
Country: Switzerland
Study Area:
Name of Journal: FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
Language: English
Country of Authors: [Zack, Martin] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Dept Neurosci, Cognit Psychopharmacol Lab, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; [Featherstone, Robert E.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Translat Neurosci Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Mathewson, Sarah; Fletcher, Paul J.] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Dept Neurosci, Biopsychol Sect, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
Press Adress: Zack, M (reprint author), Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Dept Neurosci, Cognit Psychopharmacol Lab, 33 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada.
Email Address: martin.zack@camh.ca
Citaion:
Funding: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
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Number of Citaion: 52
Publication: FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION
City of Publication: LAUSANNE
Address of Publication: PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND
ISSN: 1662-5153
29-Character Source Abbreviation: FRONT BEHAV NEUROSCI
ISO Source Abbreviation: Front. Behav. Neurosci.
Volume: 8
Version:
Start of File:
End of File:
DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00036
Number of Pages: 15
Web of Science Category: Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences
Subject Category: Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology
Document Delivery Number: AA4CT
Unique Article Identifier: WOS:000331043000001
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